KLF2– A Negative Regulator of Pre-B Cell Clonal Expansion and B Cell Activation

KLF2– A Negative Regulator of Pre-B Cell Clonal Expansion and B Cell Activation

Maturation as well as antigen-dependent activation of B cells is accompanied by alternating phases of proliferation and quiescence. We and others have previously shown that Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a regulator of T cell quiescence and migration, is upregulated in small resting precursor (pre)-B cells after assembly of the immature pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) and is downregulated upon ant...

Formation Occurs Independently of Pre-B Cell Receptor The Initiation of B Cell Clonal Expansion

A p53 axis regulates B cell receptor-triggered, innate immune system-driven B cell clonal expansion.

Resting mature human B cells undergo a dynamic process of clonal expansion, followed by clonal contraction, during an in vitro response to surrogate C3d-coated Ag and innate immune system cytokines, IL-4 and BAFF. In this study, we explore the mechanism for clonal contraction through following the time- and division-influenced expression of several pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins within CFSE-l...

CD22 is a negative regulator of B-cell receptor signalling

BACKGROUND . Antibody responses are triggered by binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR). The strength of the resulting signal determines the outcome of the response, which may vary from the induction of tolerance to the antigen, to the production of specific high-affinity antibodies. Additional cell-surface proteins assist the BCR in its function, and can facilitate or inhibit ...

Nitric oxide regulates clonal expansion and activation-induced cell death triggered by staphylococcal enterotoxin B.

Increased interest has recently been focused on nitric oxide (NO) due to its several biological roles. Apart from being a potential antimicrobial defense and a mediator of autoimmune diseases, NO also appears to be a strong mediator of T-cell responses. In this report, we have characterized the effect of NO on T-cell function. For this purpose, we analyzed in vivo T-cell responses to the bacter...